The Penny Press Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Penny Press - Essay Example The penny press had much more to offer readers then traditional newspapers. The penny press, which became almost popular overnight, allowed writers to give the public a small breakdown of current events. This was important since readers no longer had to wait for other papers to circulate. Readers wanting to be updated on the latest and greatest events could purchase a subscription or pick up a paper from a local news stand. When consumers purchased the paper, they knew that the paper would contain information that was current and of interest. Not everyone took a liking to The Penny Press. â€Å"Many were not interested in the topics presented and thought that they appealed to a lower class of individuals.† (Friedman 2005) These people preferred the traditional style newspaper since it contained political info as well as the week’s most important headlines. The late 1800’s was a time that housed many new events. These new events were so popular and interesting to readers that they fueled the success of The Penny Press. The public quickly became use to the fact that they could read new and updated topics everyday for only one penny. The effect of the popularity of The Penny Press, left penny press writers with the need to constantly seek out new stories. These new stories were not always easy to find and The Penny Press opened up the doors and gave a new definition to the meaning journalism. Journalism quickly began to grow as the need for new stories became such a high demand. Consequences that arose from the increase in journalism as a result of The Penny Press are seen even in today’s society. These consequences include a decrease in the public’s privacy, an increase in paparazzi, and an increased want by the public to have information. The pressure this created on journalist made journalist hungry for information and willing to do what was necessary to get the most popular and sought after story. It is obvious that the

Hotel Rwanda Essay Example for Free

Hotel Rwanda Essay Hotel Rwanda describes the rivalry between two ethnic groups, the Hutus and the Tutsis. Both groups shared the same language, culture, territory, customs and beliefs but had different physical features and belonged to different ‘classes’. On the 6th of April 1994, the Presidents of Rwanda and Burundi were killed when their plane was shelled by rocket fire as it attempted to land at the airport in Kingali, Rwanda. The assassination of the Hutu president was attributed to the Tutsis just as a pretext to begin violence since it is believed his own people, the Hutus, murdered him. Then the genocide begins. The film focuses on the story of Paul Rusesabagina (Don Cheadle), a Hutu hotel manager at the Mille Collines, a Belgian-owned luxury hotel. We also learn early in the film that his wife and her family is Tutsi. Along with checking in guests, Rusesabagina must use his wise business sense to buy supplies from a rebellious Hutu who strives to get him involved in taking a stand against the Tutsis. As chaos ensues, United Nations forces, previously stationed to help, leave the Rwandans with nothing but their own will. Tutsi refugees turn to the Hutu Rusesabagina for help. Paul becomes the hero of the film saving over 1,000 refugees from death by harboring them in the hotel that he manages. Hotel Rwanda is a film made to show the world the violence and cruel things that were going on in South America. Nearly 1 million people were killed in less than 3 months. Paul Russesabegina (Don Chedle) was an amazing actor in the movie. He made a point. He was a true actor. He showed the viewers that he loved his people and wasnt going to let neither himself nor anyone else give up. European guests and staff at the hotel are flown out of the country, and Paul is left in charge. He finds that his conscience wont allow him to watch as the innocent are slaughtered, and before long, the hotel has become a well-appointed refugee camp. Some sees Paul as a traitor putting his life in danger. The predicament of his guests grows more precarious every day, but despite good intentions on the part of a journalist (Joaquin Phoenix) and a UN peacekeeping colonel (Nick Nolte), the rest of the world is not eager to intervene and stop the massacre. For me, the main theme of this movie is writing a wrong that is so terrible in nature that everybody is just unwilling to take a stand. The wrong is so unabashedly violent and righteous that everybody is willing to take a step back and wait for somebody to handle it. In this movie’s case, all hope was on the UN. However, only the foreign nationals initially got the aid of the UN. The nationals were left to figure things out on their own. In this case, Paul Rusesabagina became the unlikely hero. Doing the right thing at that time proved to be dangerous on himself and his family. It would have been easier for him to sell his soul rather than go against the majority movement. And yet, he did go against the tide and did the right thing by using his cool intellect and calm manner of dealing with his staff, the military, the militants and the rest of his family members and neighbors. Seeing death being done is bad enough. I can only imagine how devastating that can be. However, I understand his emotions when he saw his son traumatized by the situation. As a parent myself, I would not want any of my sons to witness such brutal acts of humanity on another human, let alone the violence that was done to the boy, too. Although Mr. Rusesabagina acted cool and composed in the film, I cannot help but wonder if, indeed, he was composed during the entire time he was still in the country. The atmosphere of the entire movie came across to me as harsh. That is, the scenes were unforgiving in their abrasive, visceral violence. The discordant scenes of killing and women being abused and disrespected were forceful. The film strived to be earnest and honest in the depiction of this inhumane genocide that affected the world. While watching the film, I was reminded of Hitler’s move to eliminate Jews from the world. This was WWII. It was and still is a horrible way of thinking. Yet, Hitler still found people to commiserate with his vision and ideal world. 50 years later, this genocide happens in Rwanda. Horrible. And yet, this incident did come to pass and it’s a true story. How can people treat their fellow human beings in this manner? Why act like savages when we have the capacity for love and compassion? What is it that drives such a crooked point-of-view to gain momentum? I’ve thought about this the whole weekend. The only answer I can come up with is that God gave mankind the gift of free will with our intellect and humanness. It is really up to us to use these gifts to the best of our ability. The choice to do right and wrong will always be upon us. Therefore, the consequences of our decisions and the foregoing actions that ensue because of these decisions will shape our lives. As such, the genocide that happened in Rwanda cannot be undone. But, we can learn the lessons needed to become better people. As with Paul Rusesabagina, his choice to fight passively with single-minded intention of getting his family and friends safely out of the country helped these individuals continue a life on this Earth. For just this trait, I salute him not only for standing on his belief and principles but for letting love and compassion identify the living force within him and having him translate this into the saving of human lives.

Sound Waves Essay -- physics acoustics sound

What is a sound wave? A sound wave is produced by a mechanical vibration, such as a tuning fork. The vibrating object causes the surrounding medium, such as air, to vibrate as well.The wave travels through the medium to a detector, like your ear, and it is heard.As with any type of wave, a sound wave is also described by it's wavelength, amplitude, period, and frequency. WAVELENGTH is the distance from one point on the wave, to the next identical point, or the length of one part of the wave. AMPLITUDE is the distance from the midpoint to the place of maximum displacement. FREQUENCY is the number of cycles that occur in one second. It is also the inverse of the period. PERIOD is the time it takes for a wave to complete one full cycle. It is also the inverse of frequency. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that consist of high and low pressure areas called condensations and rarefactions, respectively. Since sound waves are longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the velocity of the wave. The individual particles do not travel along the wave. They only oscillate back and forth and the wave still propagates through them. The speed of sound depends on the type of medium that the wave is traveling through. In air, the speed of sound is about 340 m/s or 760 mph for a normal spring day. The speed also depends on the temperature of the medium. The formula used to figure out the speed of sound, in air, on any given day is; v = 331 m/s + 0.6T where v is the velocity of the wave, T is the temperature of the air in degrees celcius, 331 m/s is the speed of sound at 0Â °C, and 0.6 is just a constant. So as the temperature increases, so does the speed o... ...99. Health Issue of the Month: Middle Ear Infection. March 1999. 12 Apr. 2003. Sight and Hearing Association. Hecht, Eugene. Physics: Algebra / Trig. 2nd ed. Brooks/Cole, 1998. Henderson, Tom. Sound Waves and the Eardrum. 17 Aug 1998. 10 Apr 2003. Kurtus, Ron. Sound Waves. 18 Feb 2002. 10 Apr 2003. Russel, Dr. Dan. Longitudinal and Transverse Wave Motion. 12 Apr 2003. Serway, Raymond A. and Robert J Beichner. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 5th ed. Brooks/Cole, 2000.

Accounting Essay -- essays research papers

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accounting technician is an occupation that is needed in many aspects of our society. If you like to work with mathematics, computer and money management, a suitable occupation for you is accounting technician. To achieve your goal, you need to be familiar with the job description and duties, working conditions, education and training program, job opportunities and financial aspects. Job Description and Duties   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accounting technicians keep systematic records of business transactions. For example, they make bank deposits and reconcile records of bank transactions. These technicians also assist with accounts receivable and accounts payable records, ledgers and journals. They use computers to calculate, prepare and process invoices, accounts payable and receivable, budget documents and other routine financial records. They also have other duties, such as performing computer data entry and analysis functions, preparing, typing and mailing monthly customer statements, taking telephone orders, making up cheques and assisting with payroll calculations. Working Conditions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accounting technicians usually work regular weekday hours in a comfortable office environment. During peak business periods, overtime may be required. However, in the service industry, standard hours may be different. Education and Training Programs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The educational requirements for t...

Religion as the Opium of the Masses

Religion as the opium of the masses. Like the Hebrew prophets of old, Marx knew that to speak of social justice, we must become socially self-critical, and that means becoming critical of the ruling powers whether they may be kings or priests or investment bankers. Power and privilege in society always disguise their own arbitrariness behind the facade of fair play, which may be called providence or karma or standardized test scores.Whatever basis is used to claim an objective and unbiased perspective such claims need critical analysis and challenge. About 90% of the world belongs to some sort of religion. Marx understood that purpose and that is why he made the statement, â€Å"religion is the opium of the masses† which means that religion is what keeps the masses motivated, like a medicine that blinds them to all the hardships of life.Religion has blinded the people to enjoy their sufferings hoping for something like a ‘purgatory’ or a ‘heaven’ that they would enjoy after their toiling on earth. It has come to control the people with its guiding principles although most of its guiding principles aren’t adhered to by its top leaders for example: on the news there are various stories of pastors molesting children or their congregations, popes, monks and nuns breaking their vows; yet their followers are faithful due to the promise of a peaceful after life.For Marx, all ideas are relative to the social location and interests of their production. And like the prophets before him, the most revealing perspective is not from the top down or from the center outward, but the view of the â€Å"widow and the orphan† – the point of view of the exploited and the marginalized. Suffering can see through and unveil official explanation; it can cry out and protest against the arrogance of power.This brings us back to how Marx viewed religion as the â€Å"opium of the masses†. That is we tend to think Marx had a monol ithically negative view of religion but that is not the case immediately preceding this language â€Å"the opium† the following is found Religion is at one and at the same time the expression of real suffering and a protest. Religion is the sign of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world and the soul of soulless conditions.Here Marx recognizes in religion an active moral agency especially for the deprived and the despised. Religion is not simply the ideological expression of the powerful, legitimacy the social hierarchy as in the case, for example, of singing hymns with the hidden message that there’s a â€Å"King in Heaven† so there shall and should be kings on earth. No, for Marx in the hands and voices of the poor and exploited, religion is â€Å"protest†.It is a crying out against â€Å"real suffering† not illusory sufferings such as fear of punishment from the gods or suffering caused by some impurity inherited from a previous i ncarnation. For Marx, the essence of religion is its voicing of â€Å"suffering† its crying out against the realtors of exploitation and degradation. The essence of being human is a passionate suffering, a struggle to take back into our hands a world we have made but which is then taken away from us.Religion has found a way in which it governs our or lives or society in general. It is normal for the major religious group in a society to automatically control the ruling party. The major religious group affects the behavior of the people in power and somewhat controls their decisions due to their effect on the people. A major religious group can influence the choosing of who stays in power or who comes into power just by saying ‘God’ has chosen a particular person to lead us and make our country or state stronger.The people have no choice but to follow the doctrine that’s why Marx made the statement, â€Å"religion is the opium of the masses† was made . Religion has somewhat found a way to control every aspect of the lives of individuals in the society. It has become the new trend of the day; everyone belongs to a religion because of the returns that they intend to receive. Religion has turned into the medicine for all types of sorrows this in turn controls the people who come to it for help.

The Civil War essays

The Civil War essays On paper the North was far stronger than the South. It had two and a half times as many people, and it possessed far more ships, miles of railroad, and manufacturing enterprises. Southerners, however, had the advantage of fighting on home ground with better military leadership. But Union superiority in manpower was not so great as the gross figures suggest. Half a million people scattered from Dakota to California, could make no substantial contribution to Union strength. And every year Union regiments were sent to the West to fight Indians. Hundreds of thousands of Americans in loyal border states and in southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois worked or fought for southern independence. Though, every state furnished men for the other side, there was little doubt that more Federals than Confederates The South had superior officer personnel. For twenty years before Lincoln's inauguration, southern officers had dominated the U.S. Army. Another source of southern confidence was cotton. Secession leaders expected to exchange that staple for the foreign manufactured goods they The South's most important advantage was that it had only to defend relatively short interior lines against invaders who had to deal with long lines of communication and to attack a broad front. The Confederacy also had no need to divert fighting men to tasks such as garrisoning captured cities and holding conquered territory. In a short war, numerical superiority would not have made much of a difference. As the war continued, however, numerical strength became a psychological as well as a physical weapon. During the closing years of the conflict, Union armies, massed at last against critical strongholds, suffered terrible casualties but seemed to grow stronger with every defeat. Any staggering Confederate losses sapped the southern will to fight. Every ...

Free Essays on Effects of Trust in Management

Introduction A few weeks ago, I was watching the evening news with a friend of mine. A breaking story came on announcing Arthur Anderson’s use of unethical accounting practices in the Enron scandal. I asked Shannon if she knew anything about the firm’s involvement, and she said in disbelief that she had not. The interesting fact here is that Shannon works for Anderson Consulting. In that moment, she lost all trust in the company and is now looking for a new job. Trust plays a pivotal role in every corporation’s daily activities; it can be a specific management tactic, or a mediating variable in a work team. Increased trust between managers and subordinates will lead to increased productivity and job commitment. However, this type of persuasive discourse is often very difficult to consciously achieve because of the numerous factors involved. This paper will address contemporary ideas on establishing trust in organizations, its effects and includes an informal study on the use of managerial trust. Literature Review Over the past few years, the topic of trust in management has received much scholarly attention. The fall of Enron and other such recent scandals where hundreds of employees lost their jobs may explain this. As Caudron (1996) explains it, â€Å"Management has lost all credibility, employees are scared, and organizational trust has hit rock bottom.† An article by Ellen Whitener et al. (1998) explores the many practices managers must engage in to gain employee trust. She begins by defining managerial trust in three facets. First, trust relies on the trustor’s belief that the trustee will act benevolently. Second, trust relies on the concept that risk is involved. Third, there is some degree of dependency in the relationship (Whitener, p. 513). Here, trust is viewed as an attitude the trustor has about the trustee. Whitener uses two theories to analyze the motivation behind trust strategies, agen... Free Essays on Effects of Trust in Management Free Essays on Effects of Trust in Management Introduction A few weeks ago, I was watching the evening news with a friend of mine. A breaking story came on announcing Arthur Anderson’s use of unethical accounting practices in the Enron scandal. I asked Shannon if she knew anything about the firm’s involvement, and she said in disbelief that she had not. The interesting fact here is that Shannon works for Anderson Consulting. In that moment, she lost all trust in the company and is now looking for a new job. Trust plays a pivotal role in every corporation’s daily activities; it can be a specific management tactic, or a mediating variable in a work team. Increased trust between managers and subordinates will lead to increased productivity and job commitment. However, this type of persuasive discourse is often very difficult to consciously achieve because of the numerous factors involved. This paper will address contemporary ideas on establishing trust in organizations, its effects and includes an informal study on the use of managerial trust. Literature Review Over the past few years, the topic of trust in management has received much scholarly attention. The fall of Enron and other such recent scandals where hundreds of employees lost their jobs may explain this. As Caudron (1996) explains it, â€Å"Management has lost all credibility, employees are scared, and organizational trust has hit rock bottom.† An article by Ellen Whitener et al. (1998) explores the many practices managers must engage in to gain employee trust. She begins by defining managerial trust in three facets. First, trust relies on the trustor’s belief that the trustee will act benevolently. Second, trust relies on the concept that risk is involved. Third, there is some degree of dependency in the relationship (Whitener, p. 513). Here, trust is viewed as an attitude the trustor has about the trustee. Whitener uses two theories to analyze the motivation behind trust strategies, agen...

Censorship In Radio Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Censorship In Radio Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers HTML> HEAD> TITLE>Censorship In Radio/TITLE>/HEAD> BODY> Censorship in radio For the past several years Freedom of speech in America has had its meaning changed many times. Although the changes have gone unnoticed by most Americans, In the radio business they are felt day in and day out. radio personalities, programmers, and owners have to deal with this everyday but they too have no real idea what the Federal Communications Commissions idea of free speech is. You see the rule seems to change depending on who you are. If you are tagged by the FCC anything the broadcaster does or says is monitored and picked over and fined.( Howard stern. King Of All Media.165-166 ) The FCC has been picking on Howard Stern for years, they singled Howard for doing trash radio. But according to Stern other programs are saying or doing the same if not worse things than he is. Stern tells of when Geraldo said (Stern Miss America. 526-530.) in a show about the Mennendez brothers being molested for doing something wrong. Hell, Im not for child molestation, but if I knew anal sex . . . punishment, Id keep my room clean. Geraldo goes untouched. but Howard got fined for saying lesbians filled with lust. (Howard Stern. Miss America.519). That seems a bit more tame to me but since Stern is tagged he gets fined. The First Amendment states. congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech. This rule, over the years has changed to congress shall make . . . as interpreted by the FCC (king of all. 165) this makes no sense the word freedom, according to Websters Dictionary means the state of being free from constraints, possession of political and civil rights, unrestricted access or use yet, the FCC is in charge of what can and cant be said over the airwaves. The FCC is the god of the broadcasting industry, they do not have to answer to anybody they have all the power to do whatever they want. The basic rule for a deejay is that he/she may not use the seven dirty words, all know them and understand they can not use them, But what nobo dy knows is, what else cant a deejay say over the air. The rules are not documented. Most stations go by their own policy, And if their policy is wrong and something goes over the air that isnt supposed to they can get pulled ( off the air) or fined. Martin Espada is a person who got pulled from the air and his poem censored. ( all things censored. 20-22 ) Espada says, he wrote a poem for the radio program All Things Considered called imagine the angels of bread about an African American wrongly accused of killing a Philadelphia police officer. And with the heat the poem would have generated the program with some forceful help from the FCC type group called National Public Radio the poem was pulled and Espada was no longer allowed to read his poetry on the air. Now Espada was never fined from the FCC because his poem never made the air waves, but the real question is, If it had, would Espada been fined? probably not, Because so many deejays that do trash radio never even get looked at by the FCC Because they are not marked yet. This shows the hypocrisy of the FCC. I myself have lived in many different cities all across the United States and Ive listened to just about every local deejay in those cities and they are all pretty much doing the same thing as Howard Stern, yet no fines hardly at all, I watch television and see the same type of show, again no fines, Joe salzman writes about the hypocrisy of free speech. ( hypocrisy rules the air waves.) He points out that shows like Seinfeld, (In prime time when most kids are watching) can talk about Sexual intercourse, Masturbation, bodily functions, male and female sex organs, Impotence, homosexuality, and birth control methods. and people and the media love him. And a show like the Howard Stern Show.( in the morning, when most kids are in school.) talks about sexual intercourse, . .

Hacker Hunters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Hacker Hunters - Essay Example The contemporary era is the era of information technology, where fast and speedy flow of information is the key to success for the great brands and multinational organizations carrying vast business volume and sound corporate reputation at global level. The most meaningful way, Gates observes, to differentiate your company from your competitor, the best way to put distance between you and the crowd is to do an outstanding job with information and management. How you gather, manage, and use information will determine whether you win or loose. (1999: 2) Fast information technology provides the retailers a comprehensive, an accurate and detailed picture of the entire socioeconomic, cultural and corporate scenario. Since the well-reputed organizations undergo data stealing and accounts hacking dilemma at the hands of cyber criminals, they devise and review strategies and implement them in an affective way in order to protect their products and services from going into the hands of hacker s and criminals. The big retailers seek support from the information technology in order to escape cyber crimes conducted by the hackers. In addition, executive information system and decision support systems are also applied by the big retailers to protect their data from hacking by cyber crimes including elevation of privileges, hoexes attacks, malicious coding and others. Before articulating the plans to avoid hacking of data, the organizations should look into the nature of theft committed by the cyber criminals. The big organizations apply different strategies and techniques to avoid identity theft. They often make alterations in the data safety programs, so that the access to the data related to their sales and clients’ personal information could be made secure. Sales automation force (SAF) is also applied by the retailers where all the date related to the sales of their products is preserved and monitored regularly in an organized way, which indicates the level of sales as well as all the necessary information related to the product volume a client maintains at their institution on daily basis. When an organization offers its customers the ability to purchase products over the internet, it certainly looks for implementing the appropriate security. Transactional information technology and phishing methodology is exercised by the organization s and big retailers for the protection of their data and products.

Analysis JB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis JB - Essay Example Some children also learn to play the keyboard at a very tender age, and this helps them to improve in spatial-temporal skills. Regular playing of the musical instrument changes the shape of the brain and gives it more power to improve cognitive skills. The musicians have higher intelligence quotient (IQ) in comparison with non-musicians (Mathews 1). Managers who are love listing and listening to music has refined managerial skills, as they are capable of organizing their schedules wisely. Musicians value quality time to quantity time. The most celebrated musicians are champions of time management. They plan and practice in the various challenging environments making them efficient time managers. Playing various instruments together makes music so music able. The people who perform a task together have ability to relate with each other in a harmonious manner in oppose to those who prefer individual work. To play music would require one to work with others to make an appealing music. People get to learn from each other hence boosting their mutual understanding of one another. Music has power to develop teamwork for the members. Music involves reading and counting notes and rhythms, which has an aspect of mathematics. Learning various techniques of playing the musical instruments require patience and passionate because music is an art of performance. The reading of arithmetic and elementary instruments give the people who play music an upper hand to be champions of mathematics unlike the haters of music. To play a reasonable music, one has to read constantly and comprehensively. Musicians must have an audacity to read and understand the rhythms’ arrangement and notes to produce the correct accurate patterns. Reading much enables one to adventure in the field of knowledge and exposure. Persistent reading gives someone an insight ability to master the concepts. By playing musical instruments, therefore, help one to improve his/her reading

Language and culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Language and culture - Essay Example It is important to note however, that even with an understanding of the language, if one does not understand the humor embroiled in the language, then one will be missing out on understanding a great part of the native culture of a people. Most of this humor is often reflected in the written work, the literary creations of the writers of the country, where the humor is mixed with the presentation of the culture and life of the people. That is why I have been drawn into the world of literature in my undergraduate studies. It became quite an interesting feat for me to translate English to Arabic and vice versa. I found that I was easily moved by the Arabic poems and only â€Å"interested† in the English poems, which I did not find as strong or compelling as their Arabic counterparts. My professor told me that this was because the strong suit of the Arabic nation was the highly expressive language that the people used. As such, it had developed over time to effectively use words that would influence and compel people to have an interest in learning more about the Arabic way of life and the culture of its

Study of protocols in a VoIP network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Study of protocols in a VoIP network - Essay Example These applications later came out with voice conversation features in which users utilize computer headsets or IP telephone handsets in communicating with one another. Services like call forwarding, conference calling, voicemail, contact management and directory assistance were later added and paved the way for the creation of a new revolutionary technology - Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP. This development has captured the attention of telecom regulators and operators who have now started to embrace the technology as one of their mainstream services. The two most popular protocols, H.323 and SIP will be discussed in this report. H.323 is a standard for the transmission of real-time audio, video, and data information over IP-based networks. The standard contains specifications on the components, protocols, and procedures required in providing multimedia communication over local-area networks (LANs), metropolitan-area networks (MANs), wide-area networks (WANs) and even enterprise networks (ENs). Applications of H.323 may include IP telephony (audio only), videotelephony (audio and video), audio+ data and audio+video+data. H.323 can also be used for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint-multimedia communications like videoconferencing. Based on these applications, it can be seen that the standard can be utilized in a wide market segment - from consumer to enterprise to telco services. The H.3 Versions The H.323 standard is specified by the ITU-T Study Group 16. Version 1 was formulated in 1996 and refers to visual telephone systems and equipment for LANs that provide a nonguaranteed quality of service (QoS). It is geared more for consumer applications via LANs and the Internet. Version 2 of the standard was formulated in 1998 to accommodate the introduction of new voice-over-IP (VoIP) applications and IP telephony. The absence of a governing standard for these applications resulted to incompatibility of PC-based equipment and PBX or PSTN-based peripherals, so the new H.323 version was defined. At present, there are moves to add new specifications to the standard for new applications like fax-over-IP networks, gatekeeper-to-gatekeeper communications, and fast-connection mechanisms. This will pave the way for Version 3 of the standard. Components The H.323 standard specifies four kinds of components: 1. Terminals. An H.323 terminal can either be a personal computer (PC) or a stand-alone device, running the multimedia applications. It primarily supports audio communications but can optionally support video or data communications. The primary goal of H.323 is to interface standard-defined equipment with other multimedia terminals. 2. Gateways. A gateway refers to the equipment used to provide connectivity between an H.323 network and a non-H.323 network. The H.323 network can consist of PCs and PC-based peripherals while a non-H.323 network can refer to a PBX or PSTN network. In order to achieve connectivity between these two dissimilar networks, translating protocols were developed for traditional telephony features like call setup and release. It should be noted that a gateway is not required for communication between two H.323 terminals within an H.323 network. 3. Gatekeepers. A gatekeeper is necessary if an H.323 network will be implemented with services such as billing, addressing, call-routing, bandwidth management and authorization and

Jet Star Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jet Star - Essay Example The research shows that the core product offered by Jetstar, is low cost fares without compromising on quality. This has been successful so far, largely due to an operational model which consists of a network of point to point services. Via a SWOT analysis, it was found that the strengths of the company centre on its product range, affiliation with Qantas and expansion through joint ventures. Weaknesses centre on negative customer reviews, reputation issues and poor employee relations. It was found that the threats to the company primarily surround its competitors; Tiger Airways and Virgin Australia, as they offer a similar product. The opportunities available to Jetstar currently centre on market opportunities and growth, potential Asian customers and an increasing consumer reliance on the internet. It is recommended that in order for continued market success, the company focus on service and reliability at a low price, in order to increase their customer base and differentiate themselves from competitors. It is also recommended that the company expand further within Asia and develop and a loyalty program. This report finds that Jetsar Airlines currently enjoy a lucrative position within its domestic market, with strong potential to enjoy success internationally. The product offered by the company, that of low-cost fares without compromising on quality has so far been received well by the consumer. This has also been supplemented by a range of other products. Using Jetstar.com as the single distribution channel for the company has also been successful, due to the ever increasing numbers of consumers which are using the internet. As the external analysis highlights, the competitor situation for Jetstar primarily focuses on Tiger Airways and Virgin Australia, as both airlines offer a similar low-cost product. However, the macro-environmental situation for the company appears extremely positive due to its healthy domestic